[文/洪农第四色播室,翻译/李泽西] 在共同造反西方影响和追求北极处分计牟利益的推进下,中俄伙伴接洽正连忙迈向新高度。这种空前的水平不仅体当今近期的蚁集军事演习上,还包括加强海上合作以及高度融合的北极政策上。 两次引东谈主细心标军事演习——“北部·蚁集-2024”和“大洋-2024”——充分展现了中俄军事合作的深度。 “北部·蚁集-2024”演习重心围绕反潜战和空中珍摄伸开。演习测试了两国舟师队列的高档互操作性,突显了两边在计谋地区进行蚁集作战的准备情状。 据报谈,“大洋-2024”演习侧重于保护要道基础设施的模拟珍摄计谋,以及在未经准备的地形上实施垂危性两栖登陆。这些演习标明,两边高度喜欢对抗北约等潜在恫吓的战备才调。 这些演习不仅旨在升迁北极珍摄才调,也向西方国度开释信号,线路中俄在地缘政事竞争热烈的地区投射军事力量的才调。10月,中国海岸警卫队初度与俄罗斯海岸警卫队在北极水域蚁集巡缉,这是中俄双边海事合作的要害里程碑。 这次行径适值中国国庆节与中俄建交75周年之际,测试了海警船在北极顶点当然要求下践诺任务的才调。巡缉行径袒护了俄罗斯专属经济区和阿拉斯加隔邻的白令海,突显了两边加强海上融合的意愿,同期巩固了共同推进北极发展的计谋决心。 这些合作标明,两边共同怜惜确保并开垦“朔方海路”。跟着北极冰层消退,这条交易航路的要害性日益加多,不仅能缩小欧亚之间的运载距离,还为赢得巨额当然资源提供了通谈。 2010年至2022年间朔方航谈的过境通行量极地与海洋派系 除防务外,两国还深切了经济和科技领域的合作,进一步将中国的“极地丝绸之路”纳入北极区域框架。由于乌克兰残害导致西方制裁和社交寥寂孤身一人,俄罗斯愈发依赖中国提供经济和技巧救济;而中国则通过这一伙伴接洽,确保赢得要道北极资源和运载阶梯。面对制裁和北约在北极的存在,这一合作对两边均至关要害。 北极日益增长的计谋意念念,以及中俄不休深切的合作接洽,也激励了对特朗普在2024年1月就任总统后,好意思国北极政策地点的新疑问。 在第一任期内,特朗普削弱了好意思国对《巴黎协定》等大家征象倡议的参与,但他对北极地区的经济后劲发达出浓厚酷好,举例曾提议购买格陵兰岛。他还加强了好意思国在北极的军事存在,旨在制衡俄罗斯,确保好意思国的计牟利益。2020年,他号召加快彭胀好意思国破冰船队。 格陵兰岛新华社第四色播室 在第二个任期内,特朗普可能在北极政策上聘请交游式策略,优先追求区域经济利益,同期阻截中国在北极的扩展。他与化石燃料行业的密切接洽预示着他可能缩小环境划定,高慢推进石油和自然气的勘察开垦,从而强化与中俄的资源竞争。 然则,特朗普对北约的怀疑格调,可能对该定约在北极的计谋融合组成严重挑战。尽管北约连年来加强了在北极的存在,特朗普的态度可能削弱友邦间的合作,侵蚀集体认知并削减行径才调。他长期以来对北约资金摊派公正性的品评,还是对定约的相助性带来负面影响。若特朗普政府重回“好意思国优先”政策,可能进一步削弱好意思国对多边防务框架的欢跃,令北约在北极的融合力和影响力大打扣头。 要是北约无法酿成“合股阵线”,将难以灵验嘱托中俄在北极的蚁集行径,举例军事演习和“朔方海路”沿线的基础设施建设。同期,特朗普对双边交游式社交的偏好,可能加重北约里面差异,为中俄在北极拓展合作提供更多空间。 这一形势可能促使俄罗斯更果敢地巩固其在北极处分中的主导地位,相配是在安全领域。而中国在推进“极地丝绸之路”计谋时,也可能濒临更少阻力。北约计谋凝合力的削弱不仅将改造北极地区的力量时势,还可能进一步加重大家地缘政事的复杂性。 嘱托这些风险需要聘请细致的计谋,在特朗普可能的政策转念与退换北约的“北极相助”之间取得平衡。通过加强与北极其他利益关联方的伙伴接洽,并探索科学参谋和可握续发展等非军事合作方式,或可缓解多边合作弱化所带来的不牢固。 西方国度需制定可握续的北极政策,将资源开垦与环境料理相伙同,以平衡嘱托该地区日益增长的经济后劲。 特朗普政府可能会优先推敲双边公约,而非多边框架,这可能加重对北极资源的竞争,并削弱北约的合作势头。 2017年12月8日,中俄动力合作要紧样式——亚马尔液化自然气样式第一条LNG(液化自然气)坐蓐线适当投产,这相同式是中国建议“一带整个”倡议后实施的首个国外特大型样式,亦然大家最大的北极LNG样式,对中国国外动力合作、升迁中国辞寰宇动力市集言语权具有要害意念念新华社 香港艳星征象变化加快了北极资源开垦的可行性,也进一步放大了该地区的地缘政事竞争,使各方濒临的风险不休加多。通过聘请合作方式并保握通达的对话渠谈,各方有契机灵验嘱托这些挑战,推进建立包容性的北极处分框架,平衡包括中俄在内的各方利益,促进区域牢固与共同发展。 英文原文: TheChina-Russiapartnershiphasreachedunprecedentedlevels,propelledbymutualstrategicinterestsinArcticgovernanceandasharedobjectiveofcounteringWesterninfluence.Thispartnershipisreflectedinrecentjointmilitaryactivities,enhancedmaritimecooperation,andincreasinglyintegratedArcticpolicies. Twohigh-profilemilitaryexercises–“Northern/Interaction-2024”and“Ocean-2024”–highlightthedepthofChina-Russianmilitarycooperation. TheNorthern/Interaction-2024exerciseemphasisedanti-submarinewarfareandaerialdefence.Thedrillstestedadvancedinteroperabilitybetweenthetwonations’navalforces,underscoringtheirpreparednessforjointoperationsinsensitiveregions. Ocean-2024reportedlyfocusedonsimulateddefensivestrategiestoprotectvitalinfrastructureandonoffensiveamphibiouslandingsonunpreparedterrain.ThesesimulationsreflectanemphasisonmaintainingoperationalreadinessagainstpotentialthreatssuchasthoseposedbyNato. TheseexercisesarenotonlyaboutshoringupArcticdefencecapabilities;theyalsosendsignalstoWesternnations,emphasisingthepartnership’sabilitytoprojectpowerinthegeopoliticallycontestedregion.TheChinesecoastguard’sfirstjointpatrolwithitsRussiancounterpartsinArcticwaterslastmonthmarkedasignificantmilestoneinbilateralmaritimecooperation. ConductedduringChina’sNationalDaycelebrationsandthe75thanniversaryofSino-Russiandiplomaticrelations,theoperationtestedthevessels’abilitytoperforminchallengingArcticconditions.OperatinginRussia’sexclusiveeconomiczoneandtheBeringSeanearAlaska,thepatrolhighlightedenhancedmaritimecoordinationandreinforcedtheirsharedcommitmenttoArcticambitions. ThiscooperationsuggestsasharedfocusonsecuringanddevelopingtheNorthernSeaRoute,atraderoutewithincreasingglobalimportanceduetoretreatingArcticice.TheroutenotonlyoffersashortertransitpassagewaybetweenEuropeandAsiabutalsoprovidesaccesstovastnaturalresources. Beyonddefence,bothnationshavedeepenedeconomicandscientificcooperation,furtherembeddingChina’s“PolarSilkRoad”intotheregion’sframework.Russia,facingWesternsanctionsanddiplomaticisolationduetoitswarinUkraine,increasinglyleansonChinaforeconomicandtechnologicalsupport.Inturn,BeijingsecuresaccesstocriticalArcticresourcesandtransportroutes.ThisallianceisvitalforbothnationsastheychallengesanctionsandNato’sArcticpresence. TheArctic’sgrowingstrategicsignificanceandthedeepeningChina-RussiapartnershipsparkfreshquestionsaboutthedirectionofUSpolicyunderDonaldTrumpwhenhetakesofficeaspresidentinJanuary. Duringhisfirstterm,TrumpunderminedUSinvolvementinglobalclimateinitiativesliketheParisAgreement,butshowedastronginterestintheArcticregion’seconomicpotential,asseenwithhisproposaltopurchaseGreenland.TrumpalsoreinforcedtheUSmilitary’sArcticpresence,aimingtocounterbalanceRussiaandsecureUSstrategicinterests.In2020,TrumpcalledforanacceleratedexpansionoftheUSicebreakerfleet. Inhissecondterm,TrumpmayadoptatransactionalapproachtoArcticpolicy,emphasisingeconomicaccesstoregionalresourcesandopposingChina’sincreasingArcticpresence.HistiestothefossilfuelindustrysuggesthewillrollbackenvironmentalregulationstoencourageoilandgasexplorationandcompetewithRussiaandChina. Meanwhile,Trump’sscepticismtowardsNatocouldunderminethealliance’scohesiveArcticstrategy.WhileNatohasrecentlybolstereditspresenceintheArctic,aTrumppresidencycouldstrainalliedcoordination,potentiallyweakeningcollectiveresolve.Trump’spastcritiquesofNato,includingquestioningitsfinancialfairness,havecastdoubtonthealliance’sunity.Arenewedfocuson“Americafirst”policiesmightdeprioritiseUScommitmentstomultilateraldefenceframeworks. Withoutaunitedfront,NatomightstruggletoeffectivelydeterjointChina-RussiaactivitiessuchasmilitarydrillsandinfrastructureprojectsalongtheNorthernSeaRoute.Trump’spreferencefortransactionaldiplomacycouldpromptbilateraldealswithArcticstakeholders,dilutingNato’sinfluenceandopeningavenuesforChinaandRussiatoleverageregionalfragmentationintheirfavour. SuchscenarioscouldemboldenRussiatoassertgreaterdominanceoverArcticgovernance,especiallyinsecuritymatters,andenableChinatoadvanceits“PolarSilkRoad”initiativeunderreducedscrutiny.ThepotentialerosionofNato’sstrategiccohesionwouldshiftthebalanceofpowerintheArcticandcomplicatebroaderglobaldynamics. AddressingtheserisksrequiresanuancedstrategythatbalancesTrump’spossiblepolicyshiftswiththepreservationofNato’sArcticunity.StrengtheningpartnershipswithotherArcticstakeholdersandexploringnon-militaryavenuesofcooperation,suchasscientificresearchandsustainabledevelopment,couldhelpmitigatethedestabilisingeffectsofreducedmultilateralengagement. IncreasedSino-RussianpartnershipintheArcticbringstotheforekeyconsiderationsfortheWest.Collaborativeactivities,suchasjointdrills,underscoretheneedforenhancedvigilanceandrobustdefencecapabilitiestosafeguardcriticalArcticterritoriesandinfrastructure.WesternnationsmustalsourgentlycraftsustainableArcticpoliciesthatalignresourcedevelopmentwithenvironmentalstewardship,ensuringabalancedapproachtotheregion’sgrowingeconomicpotential. ThenextTrumpadministrationmightprioritisebilateralagreementsovermultilateralframeworks,fosteringcompetitionforArcticresourceswhilepotentiallyreducingNato’scollaborativemomentum.ThiscouldcreateopeningsforChinaandRussiatoexpandtheirinfluenceinArcticgovernanceandenergypolicy.Thismakesdialoguetomitigatetensionsandfostercoexistenceallthemoreimportant. TheArcticisincreasinglyemergingasafocalpointforinternationalcooperationandcompetition.ChinaandRussia,whilestrategicallyaligned,havedistinctnationalprioritiesandambitionstoshapetheregionalorder.ForWesternnations,thispartnershipcallsfornuancedandcoordinatedstrategiesthatbalanceengagementwithpreparedness. AsclimatechangeacceleratesresourceaccessibilityandamplifiesgeopoliticalinterestintheArctic,thestakesremainhighforallstakeholders.Bypursuingcollaborativeapproachesandmaintainingopenchannelsofcommunication第四色播室,theWestcaneffectivelynavigatethesechallenges,promotinganinclusiveframeworkforArcticgovernancethatconsiderstheinterestsofallregionalplayers,includingChinaandRussia. |